<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Test Automation | Automation Dojos</title>
	<atom:link href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/</link>
	<description>Applied Automation Ops</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 22 Apr 2022 11:25:01 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	

<image>
	<url>https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Adjo_X_fav_32.png</url>
	<title>Test Automation | Automation Dojos</title>
	<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/</link>
	<width>32</width>
	<height>32</height>
</image> 
	<item>
		<title>How To Use TestNG with Selenium</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Apr 2019 17:35:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[How-To]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[How-To Selenium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Selenium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[result-reporting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[selenium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[test-ng]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13376</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/">How To Use TestNG with Selenium</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="575" height="345" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/post-Selenium-TestNG.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/post-Selenium-TestNG.png 575w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/post-Selenium-TestNG-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/post-Selenium-TestNG-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/post-Selenium-TestNG-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/post-Selenium-TestNG-400x240.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px" /></p>
<p>1. What is TestNG? TestNG is an open-source automated testing framework with flexible and powerful features. It is inspired by JUnit and NUnit but with some additional advantages and functionalities. TestNG gives the developers to build tests with easy annotations, sequencing, grouping, and parameterizing. The ability to generate test reports to get an idea on [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/">How To Use TestNG with Selenium</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/">How To Use TestNG with Selenium</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<h2 class="simpletoc-title">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="simpletoc-list">
<li><a href="#1-what-is-testng">1. What is TestNG?</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#2-why-use-testng-with-selenium">2. Why use TestNG with Selenium?</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#3-installation-of-testng">3. Installation of TestNG</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#4-setting-up-a-testng-project">4. Setting up a TestNG Project</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#5-creating-a-testng-testfile">5. Creating a TestNG TestFile</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#6-run-test-case-and-generate-report">6. Run Test Case and Generate Report</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#7-asserts-in-testng">7. Asserts in TestNG</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#8-summary">8. Summary</a>
</li></ul>

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="1-what-is-testng">1. What is TestNG?</h2>


<p>TestNG is an open-source automated testing framework with flexible and powerful features. It is inspired by JUnit and NUnit but with some additional advantages and functionalities. TestNG gives the developers to build tests with easy annotations, sequencing, grouping, and parameterizing.</p>



<p>The ability to generate test reports to get an idea on what test cases passed, failed, and skipped makes it even stronger and a better choice for a test automation framework.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="2-why-use-testng-with-selenium">2. Why use TestNG with Selenium?</h2>


<p>Selenium does not come with test report generating options. The best thing we can do is printing the results to the console. But with TestNG, we can produce test results in a proper report format through which we can get an overall idea for better analysis. Besides this, there are many other additional advantages TestNG provides.</p>



<ul class="bullet-add wp-block-list"><li>Produces test reports in different formats with clear ides of what test passed, failed, and skipped.</li><li>The same test cases can be executed several times by just using a keyword.</li><li>Test cases can be prioritized and grouped and converted to a .xml file.</li><li>Test cases can be run in multiple browsers simultaneously.</li><li>Ability to integrate with tools like Maven and Jenkins.</li><li>Supports parallel testing and load testing.</li><li>Easy and understandable annotations like ‘@’</li><li>It provides the ability to parameterize data.</li></ul>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="3-installation-of-testng">3. Installation of TestNG</h2>


<p>Installing TestNG to Eclipse is pretty easy since it comes as a plugin obtained from Eclipse Marketplace.</p>



<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px"><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> First, Eclipse IDE should be installed on your computer, and it can be downloaded from their website.</li></ul></p>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Next, launch Eclipse and go to Help in the menubar and select Eclipse Marketplace.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img decoding="async" width="709" height="429" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13386" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG2.png 709w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG2-300x182.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG2-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG2-200x121.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG2-400x242.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Once it is clicked, the Eclipse Marketplace Modal will be displayed. Then you will have to type in “TestNG” and search for it. Once the result comes up, click Install.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img decoding="async" width="777" height="268" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13387" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG3.png 777w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG3-300x103.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG3-768x265.png 768w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG3-200x69.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG3-400x138.png 400w" sizes="(max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



</div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="4-setting-up-a-testng-project">4. Setting up a TestNG Project</h2>


<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Once it is installed, we can create a new Java project by clicking File > New> Project</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="529" height="114" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13388" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG4.png 529w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG4-300x65.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG4-200x43.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG4-400x86.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Give the name “myTestNGProject” and click Finish</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="368" height="483" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG5.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13389" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG5.png 368w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG5-229x300.png 229w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG5-152x200.png 152w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG5-305x400.png 305w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Next is to import the libraries into the project. Go to project properties > Java Build Path</li></ul></p>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Under libraries tab select Add Libraries.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="511" height="197" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG6.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13390" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG6.png 511w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG6-300x116.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG6-200x77.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG6-400x154.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Then select TestNG and click Next, then Finish.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="403" height="333" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG7.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13391" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG7.png 403w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG7-300x248.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG7-200x165.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG7-400x331.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Next, add the Selenium jar files into the project the same way as above but select ‘Add External Jars’ under the library tab, and select the .lib files from the folder they are saved at. These library files can be downloaded here.</li></ul></p>



</div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="5-creating-a-testng-testfile">5. Creating a TestNG TestFile</h2>


<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Right-click on the “src” file of the project created earlier and select New >Other</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="616" height="413" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG8.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13377" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG8.png 616w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG8-300x201.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG8-200x134.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG8-400x268.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Select the TestNG class under the TestNG folder and click Next.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="429" height="409" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG9.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13378" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG9.png 429w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG9-300x286.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG9-200x191.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG9-400x381.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Type in the following values in text boxes given and click Finish.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="506" height="179" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG10.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13379" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG10.png 506w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG10-300x106.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG10-200x71.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG10-400x142.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> Once it is done, a default template can be seen in our class created by TestNG</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="334" height="181" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG11.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13380" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG11.png 334w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG11-300x163.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG11-200x108.png 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px" /></figure>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<p><ul><li><i class="sui sui-check-square-o" style="color:#0eab3c"></i> To create a test case, the following code will be used. The code below will fetch the site https://www.airbnb.com/, verify the title, print out the result, and close the browser.</li></ul></p>


<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>



<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="java" data-enlighter-theme="" data-enlighter-highlight="" data-enlighter-linenumbers="" data-enlighter-lineoffset="" data-enlighter-title="" data-enlighter-group="">package myTestNGPackage;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;

public class myTestNGFile {
  
  public String baseUrl = "https://www.airbnb.com/";
  String driverPath = "C:\\geckodriver\\geckodriver.exe";
  public WebDriver driver ; 
  @Test
  public void f() {
     
     System.out.println("launching firefox browser"); 
      System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", driverPath);
      driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      driver.get(baseUrl);
      String expectedTitle = "Vacation Rentals, Homes, Experiences &amp; Places - Airbnb";
      String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
      Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);
      driver.close();
  }
}</pre>



</div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="6-run-test-case-and-generate-report">6. Run Test Case and Generate Report</h2>


<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="462" height="230" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG12.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13381" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG12.png 462w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG12-300x149.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG12-200x100.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG12-400x199.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px" /></figure></div>



<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="313" height="215" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG13.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13382" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG13.png 313w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG13-300x206.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG13-200x137.png 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px" /></figure></div>



<p>Tests can be run the usual way we run a test in Eclipse, but there will be 2 reports. One in the console, which is text-based, and the other in the TestNG result window, which is graphical.<br></p>



<p>To create HTML reports, right-click on the project, and click Refresh. Then you can see a new folder called “test-output”. Expand it and view the files. There will be a file called index.html. Double click on it to view the report.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="267" height="326" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG14.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13383" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG14.png 267w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG14-246x300.png 246w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG14-164x200.png 164w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px" /></figure></div>



<p>The report will open up in the default browser of Eclipse. It is a detailed view of the tests executed, their information, and test results.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="760" height="336" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG15.png" alt="" class="wp-image-13384" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG15.png 760w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG15-300x133.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG15-200x88.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_selenium-with-testNG15-400x177.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px" /></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="7-asserts-in-testng">7. Asserts in TestNG</h2>


<p>Assertions are used to validate test scripts and show whether they have passed or failed. In the above example, we have used Assert.assertEqual(actual value, expected value). If the values do not match the assert with a throw, an exception and the test case will fail.</p>



<p>There are mainly two types of Assertions. One is Hard Assertions, which are default in TestNG and are used to stop a test immediately when an assertion fails. The second one is Soft Assertion, which is a custom assertion that is used when a test has to continue even when an assertion fails in the sequence.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="8-summary">8. Summary</h2>


<ul class="bullet-check wp-block-list"><li>TestNG is powerful and a flexible testing framework.</li><li>It is inspired by JUnit and NUnit but has better functionalities.</li><li>Using TestNG with Selenium provides many great advantages, including the ability to produce test reports with better visibility of what test cases passed, failed, or skipped.</li><li>To use TestNG in Selenium, we need to create a TestNG class and write the test script on it.</li><li>We use Assertions to verify the status of the test in the middle of the test run.</li><li>Once a test script runs in TestNG, it produces two outputs. One in the console and the other in the TestNG result window.</li><li>After running the test suite, we can obtain the test report in the form of a .html file.</li></ul>



<p></p>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13376" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13376" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13376" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13376&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13376" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13376" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13376', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/">How To Use TestNG with Selenium</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/testng-with-selenium/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Oct 2018 00:44:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Selenium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Selenium Tutorials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[selenium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[webdriver]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13224</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/">Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium-0.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>Table of Contents 1. Selenium and Selenium Web Driver 2. Setting-Up the Environment 3. Test Script with Selenium Web Driver 3.1) Creating a project 3.2) Creating a Class 4. Code a Simple Selenium Script 5. Running the test Testing is a critical step in the Software Development Life Cycle. Software testing helps to ensure the [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/">Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/">Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>

<h2 class="simpletoc-title">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="simpletoc-list">
<li> <a href="#selenium-webelements">1. Selenium and Selenium Web Driver</a></li>
<li> <a href="#webelements-locaters">2. Setting-Up the Environment</a></li>
<li> <a href="#working-textboxes">3. Test Script with Selenium Web Driver</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#webelements-locaters">3.1) Creating a project</a></li>
<li><a href="#webelements-locaters">3.2) Creating a Class</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li> <a href="#working-buttons">4. Code a Simple Selenium Script</a></li>
<li> <a href="#checkboxes-radiobuttons">5. Running the test</a></li>

</ul>


<p>Testing is a critical step in the Software Development Life Cycle. Software testing helps to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the final product.</p>
<p>Automated Functional testing automates the process of testing and validating each functionality in the software through the execution of pre-defined Automation scripts. This is mainly done for test cases that need to be repeated and are tedious to perform manually.</p>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div>
<h2>1. Selenium and Selenium Web Driver?</h2>
<p>Selenium is a collection of specialized tools for automating the testing process of web-based applications. This free and open-source tool can be used across different browsers and platforms.</p>
<p>Selenium Web driver is a browser automated framework and accepts written scripts and controls browsers directly. Furthermore, it supports test scripts written in several different languages such as Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python, and C#.</p>
<h2>2. Setting-Up the Environment</h2>
<p>The following prerequisites must be satisfied to create and run automated test scripts using Selenium.</p>
<div class="approved2">
<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> <strong>Installing Java Development Kit (JDK)</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>If JDK is not already available on your computer, downloaded it from <a href="https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">here</a>.<br>Make sure you download the exact JDK specified for your Operating System. Once you install it, configure it as shown in <a href="https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/setting-the-java_home-variable-in-windows-8895.html">this tutorial</a>.</p>
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> <strong>Installing Eclipse IDE</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Download the latest version of Eclipse IDE for Java Developers from <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/">here</a> and install it with the installation wizard.</p>
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> <strong>Download Selenium Client Drive</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Download Selenium Client Driver from their <a href="https://selenium.dev/downloads/">official site</a>. Make sure to choose the language Java when selecting the client driver.</p>
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul style="font-size: 13.5px;">
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> <strong>Configure Eclipse IDE with Web Driver</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Selenium is a set of .jar files, so it only needs to be configured within the Eclipse IDE. Follow these <a href="https://www.softwaretestingmentor.com/how-to-setup-selenium-webdriver-in-eclipse-ide/">steps</a>.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><em><strong>Note:</strong> Select the latest “stable” version, instead of the latest version as it could be unstable.</em></p>
</div>
<div class="module-icon">&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<h2>3. Test Script with Selenium Web Driver</h2>
<h3>3.1) Creating a project</h3>
<ol>
<li>Launch Eclipse from the Start Menu or by double-clicking “eclipse.exe” in the folder “eclipse” where it was installed.</li>
<li>To create a new Project, go to <strong>File </strong>&gt; <strong>New</strong> and select</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">&nbsp;</li>
</ol>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13231" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium1.png" alt="" width="545" height="310"></p>
<p>3. Now name the project. I’ll be using “FirstWebDriverProject‘.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13232" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium2.png" alt="" width="410" height="380" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium2.png 410w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium2-300x278.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium2-200x185.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium2-400x371.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px" /></p>
<p>4. Then click “Finish”. The project will be created and displayed in the Package Explorer.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13233" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium3.png" alt="" width="345" height="90" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium3.png 345w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium3-300x78.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium3-200x52.png 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px" /></p>
<p>5. Right-click the project and select <strong>New </strong>&gt;Package</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13234" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium4.png" alt="" width="506" height="157" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium4.png 506w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium4-300x93.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium4-200x62.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium4-400x124.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px" /></p>
<p>6. Name the package “newPackage” and click Finish.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13227" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium5.png" alt="" width="387" height="357" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium5.png 387w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium5-300x277.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium5-200x184.png 200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 387px) 100vw, 387px" /></p>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div>
<h3>3.2) Creating a Class</h3>
<ol>
<li>Right-click on the package and select <strong>New</strong> &gt; <strong>Class</strong>.</li>
</ol>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13228" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium6.png" alt="" width="491" height="191" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium6.png 491w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium6-300x117.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium6-200x78.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium6-400x156.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px" /></p>
<p>2. Give the name ‘myClass’ and click Finish.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13229" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium7.png" alt="" width="385" height="458" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium7.png 385w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium7-252x300.png 252w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium7-168x200.png 168w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium7-336x400.png 336w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px" /></p>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div>
<h2>4. Code a Simple Selenium Script</h2>
<p>We will now use the new Class to write a script in Selenium Web Driver using Firefox. It will fetch the site <a href="https://www.airbnb.com/">https://www.airbnb.com/</a>, verify the title, print out the result and close the browser.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="java">package newPackage;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class myClass {

   public static void main(String[]args) throws InterruptedException{
      System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\\geckodriver\\geckodriver.exe");
      
      WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      
      String baseUrl = "https://www.airbnb.com/";
        String expectedTitle = "Vacation Rentals, Homes, Experiences &amp; Places - Airbnb";
        String actualTitle="";
      driver.get(baseUrl);
      actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
      if (actualTitle.contentEquals(expectedTitle)){
         System.out.println("Test Passed!");

         } else {

         System.out.println("Test Failed");}	 
      driver.close();
      System.exit(0);
   }
   
}</pre>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:15px"></div>
<p><strong>Let’s analyse and understand this code in bit detail:</strong></p>
<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;">
<h4>Importing Packages</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">1</span><span class="su-label su-label-type-default">import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;</span>Import the Web Driver interface necessary to instantiate a new browser with specific drivers.<span class="su-label su-label-type-default">import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;</span> References the Firefox class driver needed to instantiate a Firefox-specific driver into the browser instantiated by the Selenium Web Driver.</p>
<h4>Instantiating Objects and Variables</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">2</span><span class="su-label su-label-type-default">WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();</span> Here a driver object of the WebDriver class is instantiated, as no parameters are specified a default Firefox browser will open in safe mode. Additionally, we have saved the URL in the string variable <strong>“baseUrl”</strong> and the text to verify in <strong>“expectedText”</strong>. <strong>“actualText”</strong> will be used to save the text found on the site.</p>
<h4>Instantiating Gecko Driver</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">3</span>Selenium 3 and the latest versions of Firefox have compatibility issues. To resolve them, download and install Gecko driver from <a href="https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases">here</a> and set its system property in the code.<em>System.setProperty(&#8220;webdriver.gecko.driver&#8221;,&#8221;C:\\geckodriver\\geckodriver.exe&#8221;</em></p>
<h4>Starting a Browser Session and Opening a URL</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">4</span><span class="su-label su-label-type-default">driver.get(baseUrl);</span>The driver’s (get) method helps to open up a new browser session and directs it to the URL given as the parameter.</p>
<h4>Verify the Required Element</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">5</span><span class="su-label su-label-type-default">actualTitle = driver.getTitle();</span>The getTitle() method in the Web driver interface will capture the title of the current page.</p>
<h4>Compare Values</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">6</span>This is a normal Java if-else statement used to compare the expected and the actual text values and print out the result in the console.</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="java">if (actualTitle.contentEquals(expectedTitle)) {

System.out.println("Test Passed!");

} else {

System.out.println("Test Failed");}</pre>
<p></p>
<h4>Close Browser</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">7</span><span class="su-label su-label-type-default">driver.close();</span>The “close()” method is used to close the browser session.</p>
<h4>Terminate Program</h4>
<p class="dropcap"><span class="dropcap">8</span><span class="su-label su-label-type-default">System.exit(0);</span>This is used to terminate the entire program. We should make sure to close the browser first since terminating just the program will leave the browser open.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div>
<h2>5. Running the test</h2>
<p>To run the test script, click <strong>Run</strong> &gt; <strong>Run</strong> in the Eclipse menu. Alternatively, you can press Ctrl + F11.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13249" style="margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 20px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_getting-started-selenium81.png" alt="" width="700" height="385"></p>
<p>Once everything is done Eclipse will print out the result in its console.</p>
<p>This is just a simple example. There is a lot more that can be done with Selenium. Use this example as the beginning of your Selenium journey!</p>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:10px"></div><div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13224" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13224" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13224" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13224&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13224" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13224" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13224', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/">Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/getting-started-selenium-webdriver/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Introducing Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS)</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Sep 2016 14:37:12 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software Engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Virtualization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TaaS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Testing]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12334</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/">Introducing Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS)</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="275" height="165" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS-275x165.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS-275x165.png 275w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_TaaS.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px" /></p>
<p>The &#8216;Cloud Computing&#8217; technology has revolutionized the IT industry and it has something good to offer to the testing industry too. After Iaas, PaaS, and SaaS concepts, there is a new testing area called Testing as a Service (TaaS) that is making waves in recent times. Increasing IT costs, shrinking budgets and growing business demands [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/">Introducing Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/">Introducing Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS)</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<h2 class="simpletoc-title">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="simpletoc-list">
<li><a href="#testing-challenges-in-traditional-setup">Testing Challenges in Traditional Setup</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#cloud-testing">Cloud Testing</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#benefits-of-cloud-testing">Benefits of Cloud Testing</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#cloud-testing-providers">Cloud Testing Providers</a>
</li></ul>


<p>The &#8216;Cloud Computing&#8217; technology has revolutionized the IT industry and it has something good to offer to the testing industry too. After Iaas, PaaS, and SaaS concepts, there is a new testing area called Testing as a Service (TaaS) that is making waves in recent times. Increasing IT costs, shrinking budgets and growing business demands pose a great challenge for organizations. Testing as a Service or Cloud Testing answers these challenges by providing cost-effective test solutions built using cutting-edge technologies.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="testing-challenges-in-traditional-setup"><strong>Testing Challenges in Traditional Setup</strong></h2>


<p>The first and foremost challenge in today’s organizational setup is the limited budget for the testing team. With changing economic conditions and growing competition, companies have to optimize available resources to the fullest. Allocating separate budgets for testing projects is cumbersome. Moreover, there are strict deadlines that need to be met. Secondly, the testing team creates a large number of test cases that are mostly unused. At times, they are used only once. Thirdly, traditional testing procedures are restricted by geographical locations. Most importantly, there is rapid development in the testing tools segment. World-class testing tools that are engineered with cutting-edge technologies are implemented by large enterprises and small and medium businesses cannot afford to lay a hand on these tools. Cloud Testing offers the luxury of using these cutting-edge technologies at an affordable price. Moreover, TaaS brings greater levels of agility into workflow procedures while improving the performance of the system.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/POST-Testing-as-a-Service.png" alt=""/></figure></div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="cloud-testing"><strong>Cloud Testing</strong></h2>


<p>Cloud Testing is the new trend in the testing tools segment that uses the cloud environment to simulate real-time traffic. It uses different testing modules to gauge the performance of an application. With cloud-based services dominating the technology, there is a greater need for cloud-based testing.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="benefits-of-cloud-testing"><strong>Benefits of Cloud Testing</strong></h2>


<p>Testing as a Service is rapidly gaining momentum in recent times. The primal benefit of a cloud testing environment is the quick deployment of testing tools required for the project. Cloud Testing offers a wide range of testing tools that are built using cutting-edge technologies. Moreover, the testing environment is deployed within a quick time. The performance of the cloud-based testing tool is very good. By bringing agility into testing procedures, cloud testing tools reduce the time taken to identify non-critical defects as well as critical defects.</p>



<p>Most importantly, cloud testing allows businesses to leverage available resources to a maximum extent. You don’t have to invest in various testing modules that are not used most of the time. By paying only for the services used, businesses get the flexibility to optimize budgets and leverage resources. The downside of cloud testing is that it is not suited for some applications. However, the cloud testing environment is rapidly developing to provide a versatile range of services.</p>



<p>Cloud testing is again different from testing a cloud. While cloud testing is about testing an application in the cloud, testing the cloud deals with the evaluation of the cloud infrastructure, applications, and environments that are provided on demand. It is to make sure that the cloud infrastructure is performing according to its cloud computing business objectives.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="cloud-testing-providers"><strong>Cloud Testing Providers</strong></h2>


<p>While the cloud testing environment is still new, there are few providers that offer quality testing software. HP Load Runner is one of the leading providers of cloud testing tools. SOASTA, Advaltis, and Cloud Assault are among other contenders for this place.</p>



<p>The &#8216;Cloud&#8217; innovation is still on the move. Mobile TaaS is another cloud-based testing environment that is used to test mobile applications. With mobile applications created in great volumes, Mobile TaaS has much more to do in the coming days.</p>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12334" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12334" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12334" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12334&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12334" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12334" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12334', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/">Introducing Testing-as-a-Service (TaaS)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/introducing-testing-as-a-service/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Best Practices For Evaluating Automation Tool</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2016 14:08:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NFT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software Engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tool]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tool evaluation]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13110</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/">Best Practices For Evaluating Automation Tool</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool4.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>With rapidly changing financial conditions, businesses face the tough challenge of optimizing resources to produce maximum results. Choosing the right automation tool for functional testing is one of the important tasks in doing so. The rising popularity and emerging technologies have brought in several testing tools into the market which makes it difficult for organizations [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/">Best Practices For Evaluating Automation Tool</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/">Best Practices For Evaluating Automation Tool</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p>With rapidly changing financial conditions, businesses face the tough challenge of optimizing resources to produce maximum results. Choosing the right automation tool for functional testing is one of the important tasks in doing so.</p>
<p>The rising popularity and emerging technologies have brought in several testing tools into the market which makes it difficult for organizations to identify the right one for their testing needs.</p>
<p>You have to compare different testing tools and apply the functionality to your business processes to gauge the performance of the tool. Here are certain best practices that need to be followed while evaluating automated testing tools.</p>
<h2>1. Feature set</h2>
<p>When looking at the tool, one of the important aspects is the feature set. The first benefit of automation is the ease and efficiency it offers for testing purposes. This is what allows you to run automated scripts on multiple codes while you perform other tasks as well.</p>
<p><div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#7c7c7c;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Recording &amp; Playback</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"></p>
<p>Among the feature set, the first one to look at is the <strong>recording </strong>and <strong>playback </strong>feature. Without this feature, the automation tool is not complete. Again, you should check how well it supports low-level recording. The tool should effectively record keyboard clicks and mouse clicks and identify objects as well. When you playback the script, it should be easy to read and understand.</p>
<p></div></div><div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div><div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#6b6b6b;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Object Recognition, Verification and Repository</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"><span class="inset-right" style="width: 340px; margin-bottom: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignright rt-image" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool1.png" alt="" width="340" height="205" /></span></p>
<p>Another important functionality required by an automated testing tool is the ability to <strong>recognize </strong>and <strong>validate</strong> objects while storing them in a repository. As you run multiple scripts, the tool identifies hundreds of objects, standard and custom ones. It should offer an effective mechanism to separately identify each object while associated object attributes as well.</p>
<p>Having a <strong>central repository</strong> is a desirable option. When you change the name of the object, would you be able to use the object without affecting any part of the application? So, the best thing is to check how the object name mapping system is designed for the tool.</p>
<p>Another desirable feature is image testing. The tool should recognize images and compare one with others. So, check if the tool supports Optical Character Recognition (OCR).</p>
<p></div></div> <div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div> <div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#6b6b6b;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Web Testing</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"></p>
<p>With the internet explosion storming the IT segment, it has become inevitable for every business to perform web testing at some point of time. While choosing the automated testing tool, there are certain areas to look at.</p>
<p>Does the tool support HTML tables, DOM structure, links and site maps? In addition, the tool should know whether a page is completely loaded, links are working and images are loaded correctly. In addition, web page objects needs to be identified. You would need to input and extract data on web pages as well. Moreover, the performance of the tool on different networks, platforms and environments requires a check.</p>
<p></div></div></p>
<p><div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div></p>
<p><div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#6b6b6b;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Environment support</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 15px;">While web testing is important, native application support is the basic requirement as well. The automation tool you choose should support your office environment. There are certain tools that work only with windows desktop environment while others support web testing only. For instance, does the tool support the latest Java update or .NET update?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Here are certain supporting features that need your consideration</p>
<p><span class="inset-left" style="width: 305px;"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="rt-image alignleft size-medium wp-image-13106" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool3.png" alt="" width="300" height="180" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool3.png 575w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool3-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool3-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool3-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool3-400x240.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px"></p>
<ul>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Mobile Testing support</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Windows Support</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Supported browsers</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Supported frameworks</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#68b63a"></i> File uploading options / Dialog-box options</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Supported environments</li>
</ul>
<p></div></p>
<p>Depending on your testing requirements, you should choose one.</p>
<p></div></div></p>
<p><div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div></p>
<p><div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#6b6b6b;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Database Support</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"></p>
<p>With stringent database management policies imposed by governing authorities, storing business data has become a crucial aspect for businesses. While creating applications, you should be able to effectively store and retrieve data. As most database management systems use SQL for storing and retrieving data, the tool should support SQL or likewise <strong>data query language</strong>. In addition, protocols like<strong> ODBC, JDBC</strong> or equivalent are used to transfer data to and fro from the databases. This is another important consideration as well. At the same time, the application should be able to interact with <strong>spreadsheets</strong> and <strong>files</strong> to store and extract data. <em>So, the support for database functions is important as well.</em></p>
<p></div></div></p>
<p><div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div></p>
<p><div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#6b6b6b;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Failure Recovery</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"></p>
<p>The basic purpose of testing applications is to make them error-free and efficient. On doing so, you would encounter errors and failures. When you encounter one, how well does the automated tool handle the failure? Is it easy to build this into the code? So, check out how the tool identifies errors and handles them.</p>
<p></div></div></p>
<p><div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div></p>
<p><div class="su-box su-box-style-default" id="" style="border-color:#bfbfbf;border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#6b6b6b;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">Integration with other tools</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"></p>
<p>While performing functional testing, you might have to move between different test management tools. So, the question here is how well does the tool integrate with other testing frameworks? When integrating with other tools, how is the performance etc?</p>
<p></div></div></p>
<h2>2. Minimum functionality</h2>
<p>While having multiple features is always a great idea, it is of no use if the functionality of the tool is not up to the mark. There are certain basic functions that are performed on a regular basis and the automated tool should be able to produce high-quality results. Here are some of the minimum functionalities expected from an automated tool.</p>
<p><div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px"></p>
<ul>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Are you able to launch the browser and load the requested URL?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Is the tool able to validate images and text?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> How is the performance of the tool with respect to data driven testing?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Are users able to login into the application?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> How easy is the navigation part?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> How effective is the Record &amp; Playback feature?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Are you able to edit and re-run scripts?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> How effective is the error recovery option?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> What about Parameterization?</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Reports and analysis of test results</li>
</ul>
<p></div></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full aligncenter rt-image wp-image-13113" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px;" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_choosing-automation-tool5.png" alt="" width="545" height="335" /></p>
<p><div class="su-spacer" style="height:10px"></div></p>
<h2>3. Usability</h2>
<p>The third important aspect to look at is the Usability. Right from installing the product to using various functions, the tool should be easy to use. The installation should be simple and self-explanatory. And, check if coding knowledge is required to run scripts and how long does it take to run scripts. In addition, what does the tool offer for <strong>debugging </strong>tasks? Does the tool provide adequate <strong>documentation</strong> and support?</p>
<h2>4. Performance</h2>
<p>The performance of the automated tool while running multiple scripts is important as well. It is to be robust enough to support enterprise applications. Check how long it takes to create a script and what is the script running time. Moreover, does the tool offer test management tools to effectively track and monitor test progress? And another important consideration is the <strong>consistency of test results</strong>. The system requirements for the tool need to be considered as well.</p>
<h2> 5. Technical Support</h2>
<p>While the tool offers extensive features, there should be adequate help and support to resolve technical issues. Check out the support options offered by the tool. While some products offer dedicated support, open-source testing tools generally do not have one. They have large communities and forums wherein you can find resolutions to several issues. However, if you experience any new issue, you will have to create your own resolution or wait for someone to post one.</p>
<h2>6. Price</h2>
<p>Finally, the price is an important factor as well. Today, some of the leading automated testing tools available in the market are very expensive. At the same time, there are open-source testing tools that are free to download and use. However, it is not a good idea to directly look at the price.</p>
<p>If the tool is expensive, consider the sophistication offered by the tool.</p>
<p>Does it require knowledge and expertise of coding which in turn results in the recruitment of skilled testers? At the same time, if the testing is quick and effective, it improves the development cycle of the product and thereby increases your revenues</p>
<p>While considering the price, the total ROI needs to be calculated that includes the price, licensing, support and maintenance. There are times when staffing, testing time and complexity of testing impact the revenues of the company. So, consider all these factors.</p>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13110" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13110" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13110" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13110&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13110" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13110" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13110', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/">Best Practices For Evaluating Automation Tool</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/best-practices-evaluating-automation-tool/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Essentials of Typical QTP/UFT Framework</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2015 13:16:34 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QTP-UFT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[automation framework]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QTP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uft]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13060</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/">Essentials of Typical QTP/UFT Framework</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>Table of Contents Essentials 1: Test Artefacts Repository Essentials 2: Error Handling and Recovery Essentials 3: Object Identification Method Essentials 4: Test Data Management Essentials 5: Result and Error Reporting Essentials 6: Function Libraries Repository As we discussed the types of QTP/UFT frameworks earlier in our post &#8216;Traditional Framework Definitions&#8216;. In continuation of that, this [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/">Essentials of Typical QTP/UFT Framework</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/">Essentials of Typical QTP/UFT Framework</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_hybrid-framework-qtp01.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<h2 class="simpletoc-title">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="simpletoc-list">
<li><a href="#introduction">Essentials 1: Test Artefacts Repository </a></li>
<li><a href="#system-requirement">Essentials 2: Error Handling and Recovery</a></li>
<li><a href="#system-requirement">Essentials 3: Object Identification Method</a></li>
<li><a href="#system-requirement">Essentials 4: Test Data Management</a></li>
<li><a href="#system-requirement">Essentials 5: Result and Error Reporting</a></li>
<li><a href="#system-requirement">Essentials 6: Function Libraries Repository</a></li>
</ul>


<p>As we discussed the types of QTP/UFT frameworks earlier in our post &#8216;<a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Traditional Framework Definitions</a>&#8216;. In continuation of that, this article talks about the ‘essential components of a typical framework.</p>
<p>Irrespective of the kind of framework you choose, whether it&#8217;s Data-Driven, Keyword Driven, or BPT Framework, etc., one must address the following components which are hereby cited hereby as ‘essentials’. These components shall serve as the fundamental building blocks of your framework.</p>
<p>Personally, my choice is always the so-called ‘<strong>Hybrid framework</strong>’. In such a framework at a lower level, you can create data in external files as in a data-driven approach, and creation of keywords as in keyword driven framework, while keeping <strong>Functional decomposition</strong> as an ‘Umbrella’ strategy. Now tailor it all together alongside your project requirements and you get a potential ‘Hybrid Framework’. It just gives you all the benefits in one!</p>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:2px"></div>
<h3>Essentials 1: Test Artefacts Repository </h3>
<p>By test artefacts, we mean scripts, function library, object repository etc. and even including the test cycle results. Of course, using a <strong>shared central repository</strong> with reasonable <strong>versioning </strong>makes sense and hence the most obvious choice should be HP Quality Center and if it’s added with a bit of ALM related salt then nothing like it!</p>
<p>Following are some of the upfront benefits of choosing HPQC ALM as your test artefact repository :</p>
<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65em; overflow: hidden;">
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Option to run test sets / suite.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Option to view results.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Options to plan test cycles</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Shared access for multiple users.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Versioning of test scripts, function libraries, object repository and test data</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:2px"></div>
<h3>Essentials 2: Error Handling and Recovery</h3>
<p>There is no doubt that without proper error handling or lack of recovery scenario would land you frequently into debugging your test scripts, test environment or data. You may end up re-running your test cycle or tests multiple times due to interruption caused as a result of such script failures.</p>
<p>In many cases, a lack of error handling may also give false or invalid results as the script may just go over without capturing errors or failures and still marking the scripts as &#8216;passed&#8217;</p>
<p>Hence your script or code should be built with sufficient error handling and recovery scenarios. Error Handling can be implemented using QTP/UFT inbuilt &#8216;<strong>recovery scenario manager</strong>&#8216; or <strong>manually </strong>through <strong>custom scripting</strong> in your script of library code.:</p>
<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;">
<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65em; overflow: hidden;">
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong>Error handling via custom code:</strong>
<ol>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Option Explicit:</em></strong> Using ‘Option explicit’ forces, explicit declaration of all the variables used in the code. If you use this statement at the beginning of the program then you are bound to declare each variable explicitly using Dim else the script engine shall produce an error. This ensures you are not duplicating variables or losing variables thereby more stricter use and re-use of variables throughout the program.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Err Object:</em></strong> The ‘err’ is a VBScript language object which stores information about the last error that occurred during script execution. This object has further in-built functions for more verbose discovery of the error. For example, err.description, and err.number tells about the description and number of err.number has value 0 in case no error occurs in script execution err object together with conditional loop can help in the handling of error.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>On error Statement:</em></strong> Using an ‘On Error Statement’ you basically inform the VBScript engine that you want to handle errors manually instead of allowing the VBScript engine to display a typically ib-built error message and halt the program.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Exit statement:</em></strong> This provides for a graceful and informed exit from a procedure. You may use this to exit from loop/actions/tests and function based on implementation of exit statements like exit for/exit function/exit action/exit test statements</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Test Settings in QTP:</em></strong> This is a global or umbrella setting which you can enforce at QTP level. Using this option, we can instruct QTP to perform required action in case error is encountered in script execution. For e.g. proceed to next step/stop execution or a pop up message box.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Recovery Scenario:</em></strong> The recovery scenario is another great way in-built into QTP / UFT for graceful handling of errors. Using the Recovery Scenario Manager wizard you can define your own recovery scenario by choosing in-built options from the wizard. This basically includes a definition of an unexpected event and the operations necessary to recover the run session.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:2px"></div>
<h3>Essentials 3: Object Identification Method</h3>
<p>This is again one of the most important aspects of any automation framework. This basically means, ‘how your automation tool recognizes or identifies the AUT UI, UI elements/components’ etc.</p>
<p>With QTP/UFT you have the following choices for object identification. Which method you choose does steer your script development and usability aspect of the framework :</p>
<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;">
<ol style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65em; overflow: hidden;">
<li><strong>Using Object Repository –</strong> Object in application are stored in object repositories. Useful for static objects.</li>
<li><strong>Using Descriptive Programming –</strong> Object properties and value can be stored in an external vbs file and can be called in the script. Can be called from functions using descriptive programming for object identification.</li>
<li><strong>Using HTML DOM –</strong> HTML DOM structure can be useful to identify objects in case object is not identified using DP or Object repository methods.</li>
<li><strong>Using XPath/CSS –</strong> XPATH/CSS can be useful to identify objects in case object is not identified using DP or Object repository methods.</li>
</ol>
</div></div>
<div class="attention">
<div class="typo-icon">
<p><strong>Note:</strong> The recommended object identification should always be Object Repository. You should use HTML DOM/CSS//XPath only if an object cannot be identified using object repository or Descriptive Programming. It might look less tech savvy but in the long run, it may prove good at usability and maintainability purposes</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:2px"></div>
<h3>Essentials 4: Test Data Management</h3>
<p>Test Data provisions and strategy is another important aspect that should be a part of a good framework. With data <strong>parameterization</strong>, your test data would be kept separate from the code. And this will ensure that the same code can be re-used for different sets of data.</p>
<p>There can be a variety of Test Data sources options such as <strong>excel files, database, text files</strong> and <strong>XML files</strong>. But generally, the best one is mostly Excel or CSV:</p>
<p>You should adhere to following considerations and best practices for test data :</p>
<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65em; overflow: hidden;">
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Test data should be maintained in the external data source that can be an Excel, database or CSV.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> think of employing test generator tools that can create random data to test an application.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Random Test Data needs and hence random generator modules</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-hand-o-right" style="color:#46b80d"></i> Types of validations required, single line, character, string, bulk data validations (compare two excel or pdf outputs) etc.</li>
</ul>
</div></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p><strong><em>Elapsed time in loading test data:</em></strong> &#8216;Should you load all data globally before triggering any test suite?&#8217; or &#8216;Should you load test data per-test basis?&#8217; Hence this generally calls for carefully choosing the data source and weighing against the loading strategy. As a case study, in one of the projects, I observed a lot of time spent in loading data for each test individual basis from a database source. Not a good idea due to time spent in connecting/disconnecting from the database over a network!</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:2px"></div>
<h3>Essentials 5: Result and Error Reporting</h3>
<p>Ideally, a separate Reporting component can be developed which is basically a collection of Library functions and procedures customized for reporting only. Depending upon the project requirements and effort available, this reporting component may generally make use of external databases (MSAccess), excel files or text log files to write the output of the tests. such a provision comes handy when you want to drill down to errors or failures by applying filters on databases or file output.</p>
<p>Avoid implementing reporting into individual scripts directly using <strong><em>reporter.reportevent, WScript.Echo, MsgBox</em></strong> or any such statement, instead you should at least develop a small separate module for such functionality into your function library</p>
<p>On a last note, an <strong>HTML based result</strong> report generally offers the <strong>best presentation and usability</strong>. A good framework would generally have such customized HTML based result reporting module.</p>
<div class="su-spacer" style="height:2px"></div>
<h3>Essentials 6: Function Libraries Repository</h3>
<p>Supporting Libraries is again one of the most fundamental and required part of any good framework.</p>
<p>Below is one such best practices for libraries and scope of libraries that can be maintained:</p>
<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;">
<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Driver Script (Orchestrator):</em></strong> A driver script or as I call it, an &#8216;orchestrator script&#8217; can be created to control the flow of test script execution. It mainly drives the order of test script or test set execution, calling and loading dependencies, triggering pre-test environment checks etc.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Initialization Library:</em></strong> Initialization library initialize test execution and loads object repository, environment variables, business and support function libraries, closing open instances of the application and so on. This contains all function for initialization of test execution.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Common Function libraries:</em></strong> This library should include functions for reporting, error handling, and all support functions like Date/time functions, string manipulation and external file manipulation that are used as support functions by business functions.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-gear" style="color:#888"></i> <strong><em>Business Function Libraries:</em></strong> Business Function Libraries includes application-specific functions and works with manipulating objects in the applications. These functions cover the business flows.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div><div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13060" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13060" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13060" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13060&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D13060" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13060" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=13060', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/">Essentials of Typical QTP/UFT Framework</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/essentials-of-framework-qtp-uft/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Review of Test Design Studio 2.0</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2014 20:54:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QTP-UFT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QTP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[test design studio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[uft]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12980</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/">Review of Test Design Studio 2.0</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>While QTP offers greater flexibility to automate testing procedures, the IDE lacks certain professional features. A QTP license is expensive as well. Test Design Studio 2.0 from Patterson Consulting augments QTP software by providing an intuitive IDE for QTP and WinRunner. While the automated testing performance is enhanced, the price is affordable. Here is a [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/">Review of Test Design Studio 2.0</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/">Review of Test Design Studio 2.0</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_test-design-studio.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p><h2 class="simpletoc-title">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="simpletoc-list">
<li><a href="#ease-of-use">Ease of use</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#features">Features</a>


<ul><li>
<a href="#tds-code-editor">TDS Code Editor</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#realtime-syntax-checks">Real-time Syntax Checks</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#full-intellisense-support">Full IntelliSense Support</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#code-metrics">Code Metrics</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#real-lines-of-code">Real lines of code</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#quality-center-support">Quality Center support</a>

</li>
</ul>
<li><a href="#the-performance">The Performance</a>

</li>
<li><a href="#the-price">The Price</a>
</li></ul>


<p>While QTP offers greater flexibility to automate testing procedures, the IDE lacks certain professional features. A QTP license is expensive as well. Test Design Studio 2.0 from <a href="http://www.patterson-consulting.net/products/testdesignstudio" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Patterson Consulting</a> augments QTP software by providing an intuitive IDE for QTP and WinRunner.</p>



<p>While the automated testing performance is enhanced, the price is affordable. Here is a review of the Test Design Studio 2.0</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="ease-of-use">Ease of use</h2>


<p>Test Design Studio offers an intuitive interface wherein testers can enjoy a high-end VB IDE environment. The code navigation is made simple. You can categorize code into different segments, collapse and expand them as you desire. Using a top navigation bar, you can easily and quickly navigate to any piece of code. Otherwise, you have to scroll through multiple pages for a particular code. Moving between multiple QTP tests is easy and quick as well. In short, TDS offers the luxury of Visual Studio or Eclipse IDE.</p>



<div class="rt-block">


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="features">Features</h2>


<p>Test Design Studio comes with a bunch of features that augment the performance of automated testing projects while making it easy to run tests. Here are a few notable ones:</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;">


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="tds-code-editor">TDS Code Editor</h3>


<p>TDS code editor allows you to run multiple QTP tests for each project. These steps comprise documents, external files, function libraries, etc. You can easily move between different tests.</p>



<div style="height:12px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="realtime-syntax-checks">Real-time Syntax Checks</h3>


<p>Another useful feature offered by TDS is the real-time syntax check. The editor detects errors as you type the code. Whether you have defined a variable twice, did not initiate a variable or did not allocate a value to a variable, TDS finds it and informs you during the coding time. In addition, syntax errors are automatically reported. While QTP offers syntax checks, it is done at the compilation stage. When errors are detected at the coding stage, you save a lot of time and energy.</p>



<div style="height:12px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="full-intellisense-support">Full IntelliSense Support</h3>


<p>TDS features full IntelliSense wherein the editor displays information about a variable when you hover on it. It shows the type and purpose of the variable. In addition, you can track changes to know what has been changed recently. Smart indentation is a useful feature as well.</p>



<div style="height:12px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="code-metrics">Code Metrics</h3>


<p>Another useful feature in TDS is code metrics. With the help of code metrics, you can analyze the code to narrow down your code refactoring tasks. It evaluates the code to provide:</p>



<ul>
    <li>Maintainability of code</li>
    <li>The number of paths through code</li>
    <li>Real lines of code</li>
</ul>



<div style="height:12px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="real-lines-of-code">Real lines of code</h3>


<p>Document Generator is a handy option that lets you add XML comments when working with large function libraries. In addition, XML setup files can be easily created.</p>



<div style="height:12px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="quality-center-support">Quality Center support</h3>


<p>Another useful feature is quality center support. With the addition of multiple QC servers, you can simultaneously work on different projects.</p>



<div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


</div></div>



</div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="the-performance">The Performance</h2>


<p>With an intuitive IDE, TDS offers a luxurious to easily work with large testing projects. The performance of TDS is &#8216;Good&#8217;.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="the-price">The Price</h2>


<p>You can download the evaluation version to check the functionality of the product. The evaluation version has all the features. At $1450 per single license, TDS comes with a decent price tag. However, when you run scripts, TDS automatically launches QTP. So, debugging tasks are again dependent on QTP and you have to purchase both licenses.</p>



<p></p>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12980" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12980" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12980" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12980&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12980" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12980" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12980', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/">Review of Test Design Studio 2.0</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/review-test-design-studio/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>A Brief Review Of WATIR</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2014 11:59:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Watir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ruby]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[watir]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12944</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/">A Brief Review Of WATIR</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>WATIR stands for &#8216;Web Testing Application in Ruby&#8216;. It is an OLE-based testing application that automates your browser using Ruby libraries. Here are some of the pros and cons of Watir in brief at first glance. Functionality of Watir Watir takes advantage of the built-in OLE capabilities of Ruby to automate browsers. Normally, HTTP-based tools [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/">A Brief Review Of WATIR</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/">A Brief Review Of WATIR</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_watir-brief-review.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>WATIR stands for &#8216;<strong>Web Testing Application in Ruby</strong>&#8216;. It is an OLE-based testing application that automates your browser using Ruby libraries. Here are some of the pros and cons of Watir in brief at first glance.</p>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="functionality-of-watir">Functionality of Watir</h2>


<p>Watir takes advantage of the built-in OLE capabilities of Ruby to automate browsers. Normally, HTTP-based tools create a browser simulator for a web-based testing system. Watir works in a different way wherein it takes the browser through the OLE protocol. By implementing the OLE protocol over Component Object Model (COM) architecture, Watir facilitates inter-process communication between the browser and Ruby. Dynamic object creation and manipulation is made possible as well.</p>



<p>For Internet Explorer, this process is called OLE Automation. The program that manipulates objects is called the automation controller. The automation objects are served by the Internet Explorer which is why it is called as the server. On the other hand, the Ruby program acts as a client to manipulate objects.</p>



<div class="rt-block">


<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="watir-advantages">WATIR Advantages</h2>

<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#66b04b"></i> Uses the Ruby library to facilitate OLE-based testing. This approach eliminates the need for an external server.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#66b04b"></i> Supports multi browsers and OS. You can write tests for new browsers as well.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#66b04b"></i> Offers a rich and intuitive interface. Easy to create code without requiring extensive documentation.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#66b04b"></i> One of the important features of WATIR is its ability to wait for the page to load. It detects when the page finishes loading. Moreover, tests run faster and are stable when compared with Selenium or Sahi.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-plus" style="color:#66b04b"></i> Another important feature is the Attach Method. You can programmatically attach the original domain window and the linked domain window. For instance, you use Facebook to login to an application. The login page of your application will load the Facebook domain. With other tools like Selenium, the actual application loses connection when the linked domain is opened and the application gets locked. However, WATIR lets you attach both domains so that you access the linked window and the original window from the same test.</li>
</ul>
</div>


</div>



<div class="rt-block">


<h2 id="block-78e7de9a-9491-42be-b2c9-a5922adeba31" class="block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block tagdiv-type block-78e7de9a-9491-42be-b2c9-a5922adeba31 is-selected wp-block-heading rich-text" tabindex="0" role="group" aria-multiline="true" aria-label="Block: Heading" data-block="78e7de9a-9491-42be-b2c9-a5922adeba31" data-type="core/heading" data-title="Heading">WATIR Disadvantage</h2>
<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul>
<li><i class="sui sui-minus-circle" style="color:#c32719"></i> Limited support to handle Popups. JavaScript generated popups such as Alert boxes, Windows Security popups, and other popups that are not contained in a web browser are not accessible the same way as the HTML pages are. There has been some experimental code packaged with Watir to deal with popups with limited success. A good popup handling solution is being worked on and will be included in a future Watir release.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-minus-circle" style="color:#c32719"></i> AUT Object repository/definitions are not available within the WATIR. Third-party tools such as MS Web Developer Toolbar have to be employed but have limited capabilities and usability.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-minus-circle" style="color:#c32719"></i> No Real-time Debugging options or debugger.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-minus-circle" style="color:#c32719"></i> Works only for Web-based application, does not has the capability to automate non web-based applications.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-minus-circle" style="color:#c32719"></i> There is no recording mode or any such mode to generate scripts automatically. Scripts have to be written manually.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-minus-circle" style="color:#c32719"></i> While WATIR supports multiple browsers, you have to use a different library for each browser. You have to learn Ruby as well.</li>
</ul>
</div>


</div>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12944" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12944" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12944" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12944&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12944" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12944" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12944', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/">A Brief Review Of WATIR</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/brief-review-of-watir/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Traditional Framework Definitions (QTP)</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Aug 2013 20:43:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QTP-UFT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Frameworks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[QTP]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.automationdojos.com/?p=1059</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/">Traditional Framework Definitions (QTP)</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="275" height="165" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework-275x165.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework-275x165.png 275w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_QTP-UFT-Framework.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px" /></p>
<p>Over the years Functional Test Automation has come a long way from WinRunner to QTP and until ALM. The tools have evolved to a great extent in terms of enhanced functionality, look and feel and inclusion of support for new technologies, etc. The competition between some market-leading tools like Silk Test, and QTP including freeware [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/">Traditional Framework Definitions (QTP)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/">Traditional Framework Definitions (QTP)</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>


<p style="text-align: justify;">Over the years Functional Test Automation has come a long way from WinRunner to QTP and until ALM. The tools have evolved to a great extent in terms of enhanced functionality, look and feel and inclusion of support for new technologies, etc. The competition between some market-leading tools like Silk Test, and QTP including freeware communities like Selenium led to a great deal of innovation with versions after versions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">However, what I don&#8217;t feel has ever evolved is the precise &#8216;Definitions&#8217; and distinctions between different kinds of Frameworks. There is a lack of clear understanding or documentation distinguishing between what we call frameworks. The online literature still talks about the same traditional or legacy definitions.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Well, this article is dedicated to the legacy definitions for some of the common Frameworks around QTP as we know them. This is the first post in the series while in the subsequent (coming soon) articles I will share our understanding and definition of Frameworks. So here is the traditional introduction to frameworks with a little preface &#8230;</p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Appreciate Frameworks</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Before starting with automation, we should be defining a set of assumptions, rules and concepts that provides a framework within which we create our automation test suite. The framework is a foundation on which the physical structure of potential tests or test suite is based. This foundation itself could be comprised of more than one modular components (libraries or scripts) working together to provide for the test journey through AUT. The logical interactions among these components are again defined by Framework.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Defining a framework before starting an automation project keeps all the automation engineers aligned to common goals and objectives thereby less chance of failures and increased team efficiency. The advantages of laying a framework do not stop at the development phase but rather there are significant gains after the project completion.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A framework-based approach is proven to provide for increased code re-usage, higher portability, scalability to accommodate new tests, and less cost of maintenance. Such an approach also makes the automation robust, reusable, and easy to understand for new resources as well</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In this tutorial, we will discuss various framework techniques and scenarios in which using the particular framework is productive. Below described are different types of <a class="zem_slink" title="Test automation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_automation" target="_blank" rel="noopener wikipedia noreferrer">Test Automation</a> frameworks.</p>
<div class="rt-block">
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Guidelines for Creating Automation Framework</h3>
<div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px">
<ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.65em; text-align: justify;">
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Select the tool to be used for test automation. (Tool Evaluation Process)</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Review the AUT and test scope complexity to chart out a breakdown of challenging areas.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Select the type of automation framework to be implemented based on project complexity and the tool selected.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Define the automation components needed to be created for framework implementation. These modular components should together form the framework.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Define driver script to execute tests in batch and control flow of script execution</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Ensure robust error handling is implemented in the framework, which shall be one of the automation components</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Validate coding standards are implemented.</li>
<li><i class="sui sui-check" style="color:#68b63a"></i> Ensure high reusability of code in the framework in terms of modular and reusable components, functions, and procedures</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="rt-image aligncenter" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/POST-Traditional-Framework-Definition.png" alt="" width="530" height="400" /></p>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Types of Automation Framework</h3>
<div class="rt-block">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Linear Framework</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When we record an application in <a class="zem_slink" title="HP QuickTest Professional" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_QuickTest_Professional" target="_blank" rel="noopener wikipedia noreferrer">QTP</a>, operations done on objects are displayed as <a class="zem_slink" title="VBScript" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBScript" target="_blank" rel="noopener wikipedia noreferrer">VB Script</a> statements in expert view. When we run the script, steps recorded in the application are executed as recorded, Hence this is also known as record and play testing. This framework is useful in case the reusability of the scripts is low, and the script is created for the current testing cycle, quickly, and the automation skills of the testers are low</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">E.g. Linear Framework Code Snippet:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="visualbasic">SystemUtil.Run "flight4a.exe","","","open"
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set "Mercury"
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Set "Mercury"
Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Check CheckPoint("Flight Reservation")</pre>
</div>
<div class="rt-block">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong> Functional Decomposition Framework</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In this framework, test scripts are broken down into functions. Suppose an application requires login into the application, perform some actions on objects, log out, login again, and perform some other action, logout, and so on, In this framework, we divide test into logical groups or functions, i.e. functions for a specific task. For e.g. Functions for Login, logout, and similar other functions. This framework has better reusability as compared to a linear framework, but still cannot be run with multiple sets of data as data is hardcoded in this framework.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">E.g. Functional Decomposition Code Snippet:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="visualbasic">Call funcLoginApp
Call LoginApp

Public Function funcLoginApp()
SystemUtil.Run "flight4a.exe","","","open"
End Function

Public Function LoginApp()
              Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set "Mercury"
              Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Set "Mercury"
              Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
              Window("Flight Reservation").Check CheckPoint("Flight Reservation")
End Function</pre>
</div>
<div class="rt-block">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong> Data-Driven Framework</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the major reasons for doing automation is for regression of applications with different combinations of test data. Test data stored in external files like excel files or database drives the automation by executing scripts with multiple sets of data in a Data-driven framework. This framework helps in executing multiple scenarios with the same scripts using multiple data combinations.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">E.g. Data-Driven Framework Code Snippet:</p>
<pre class="EnlighterJSRAW" data-enlighter-language="visualbasic">SystemUtil.Run "flight4a.exe","","","open"
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set DataTable("Agent", dtLocalSheet)
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").Set DataTable("Pwd", dtLocalSheet)
Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
Check Flight Reservation Window has loaded</pre>
</div>
<div class="rt-block">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong> Keyword Driven framework</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">When we record on some application in QTP, recording steps are displayed in Keyword or expert view. Similar to the keyword view, in this framework, we define the item or the object on which we have to perform an operation, which operation to be performed, and any inputs that is required for the object. All this information is stored in a table, and functions/methods are defined for the operations to be performed on an object. Object, action, and argument for the action are maintained in an excel sheet as shown below. The function for each of the actions with required arguments should be defined, and a driver function to loop through the data table and perform action on object should be created.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">E.g. Keyword Driven Script Frontend:</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /></p>
</div>
<div class="rt-block">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Hybrid Framework</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This framework uses the best features of various frameworks resulting in a robust and maintainable framework. Features of a hybrid framework include different function libraries with similar sets of functions, object maintenance as shared Object repository and descriptive programming objects, Driver scripts to control the execution of scripts, environment variables to define global configuration, error handling, and recovery scenario, and reporting structure for better reporting of results</p>
</div>
<div class="rt-block">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Business Process Testing Framework</strong></h4>
<p style="text-align: justify;">In this framework, we divide the test scenario into multiple flows and script each of the flows using business process components. Components can be linked together to create test script using the Quality Center. Application Area (where we store business process components) and business process component (where we write scripts in BPT framework) are features of BPT framework. We require Quality Center Access and a license for using BPT.</p>
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">Advantages and Disadvantages of various types of frameworks</h3>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" /></p>


<p></p>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D1059" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D1059" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D1059" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D1059&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D1059" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=1059" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=1059', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/">Traditional Framework Definitions (QTP)</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/automation-frameworks-with-qtp/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>HP Borland’s Silk Test for Multi-Channel Testing</title>
		<link>https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/</link>
					<comments>https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Tushar Sharma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Oct 2012 13:08:38 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[FT Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Silk Test]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Test Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[automation tool]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Borland]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12730</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/">HP Borland’s Silk Test for Multi-Channel Testing</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p><img width="280" height="168" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01-280x168.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01-280x168.png 280w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01-150x90.png 150w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01-400x240.png 400w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/post_borland-silk-test01.png 575w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p>
<p>The growing web and mobile applications have posed several challenges for software QA teams. While usability and scalability are highly prioritized, compatibility across multiple channels and platforms is required to leverage available resources. Such a business scenario requires companies to run multi-channel testing procedures before releasing a product and this is where HP Borland Silk [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/">HP Borland’s Silk Test for Multi-Channel Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/">HP Borland’s Silk Test for Multi-Channel Testing</a> | As Published On <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a></p>
<p>The growing web and mobile applications have posed several challenges for software QA teams. While usability and scalability are highly prioritized, compatibility across multiple channels and platforms is required to leverage available resources. Such a business scenario requires companies to run multi-channel testing procedures before releasing a product and this is where HP Borland Silk Test comes to your rescue.</p>
<p>With Silk Test&#8217;s latest offering, businesses can efficiently run a single test case or test suite on multiple interfaces ensuring that the application works seamlessly across channels, thereby providing swift development/testing to deliver higher performance at cost-effective expenses. This article provides a quick overview of Silk Test&#8217;s &#8216;Multi-Channel Testing&#8217; and how it could leverage the test and cost benefits.</p>
<h3>The Need for Multi-Channel Testing</h3>
<p>Technology is moving away from desktops to web-based environments. The mobile revolution has brought in several smart end gadgets like tablets, iPads, and laptops. Applications that are designed for one interface need to run on multiple interfaces. Companies need to ensure that a single application is optimized for web browsers, mobile phones or tablets equally. With the advancement in technology, developers are optimizing codes to develop cost-effective projects. The same approach is required for a testing team. In a behaviour driven environment, user requirements remain the same while the interface changes. Test cases or scripts need to be reused to support multiple interfaces.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_borland-silk-test2.png" alt="" width="575" height="345" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-12741" srcset="https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_borland-silk-test2.png 575w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_borland-silk-test2-300x180.png 300w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_borland-silk-test2-275x165.png 275w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_borland-silk-test2-200x120.png 200w, https://www.automationdojos.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/post_borland-silk-test2-400x240.png 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px" /></p>
<h3>Challenges in Multi-Channel Testing</h3>
<p>The traditional testing setup uses a hierarchical approach to software testing. Testing frameworks that use object-oriented programming is based on objects. Though workflow procedures might be the same, different GUI interfaces use different objects for receiving data. This is a big challenge for multi-channel testing environments. By using <span class="su-label su-label-type-default">application-based frameworks</span>, businesses can overcome this challenge. In an application-based framework, test cases are built for the application and GUI elements. Though it takes considerable effort to create these test cases, the same scripts can be used for multiple interfaces. This approach can reduce operational costs and save time as well. This is what multi-channel testing from HP Borland Silk Test offers exactly.</p>
<div class="rt-block">
<h3>Benefits of Borland Silk Test</h3>
<p>In addition to supporting <i>Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer</i>, HP Borland Silk Test offers certain useful features. The recent offering includes :</p>
<p><div class="su-note"  style="border-color:#dcdcdc;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"><div class="su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="background-color:#f6f6f6;border-color:#ffffff;color:#747474;border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;"></p>
<ul class="bullet-add" style="font-size:13px;line-height:1.65em;">
<li>Enhanced debugging feature.</li>
<li>You can refer to .NET from the command line. This way, you can enjoy a great integration with coding and testing environments.</li>
<li>The new feature called TrueLog Explorer greatly improvises search results. You can identify problem areas as well as analyze exact reasons for defects and bugs.</li>
<li>Text capturing abilities offer additional value to your automated testing environments</li>
</ul>
<p></div></div></p>
<p>The striking feature of HP Borland Silk Test is that it supports agile testing as well as traditional testing environments. You can create scripts in <span class="su-label su-label-type-default">Java and 4Test</span>. In addition, the playback feature facilitates playback options for test cases. Services-oriented architectures require functional testing without user interfaces. </p>
<p>Silk Test offers the ability to test functionalities without a user interface. Most importantly, HP Borland Silk Test is constantly under improvisation. To keep up with changing technologies, this amazing testing tool is regularly updated to incorporate new features. In addition, Borland Silk Test enjoys a vast group of customers. By joining Silk Test Forums and communities, you get to know every change made to the tool.</p>
</div>
<p><div class="su-quote su-quote-style-default"><div class="su-quote-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim"></p>
<p>Be it small and medium businesses or large enterprises, automating your multi-channel testing and enhancing your testing environments with agile testing techniques is the key to the successful launching of software products. With HP’s Borland Silk Test, you are empowered to achieve higher quality standards to stay ahead of the competition.</p>
<p></div></div></p>
<p><div class="su-spacer" style="height:5px"></div></p>
<div class='the_champ_sharing_container the_champ_vertical_sharing the_champ_hide_sharing the_champ_bottom_sharing' style='width:42px;left: -10px;top: 222px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-super-socializer-href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/"><div class="the_champ_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="the_champ_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12730" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#484848" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Twitter" class="the_champ_button_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=@testoxide&text=Test%20Automation&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12730" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_twitter" style="background-color:#55acee;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 39 39"><path d="M28 8.557a9.913 9.913 0 0 1-2.828.775 4.93 4.93 0 0 0 2.166-2.725 9.738 9.738 0 0 1-3.13 1.194 4.92 4.92 0 0 0-3.593-1.55 4.924 4.924 0 0 0-4.794 6.049c-4.09-.21-7.72-2.17-10.15-5.15a4.942 4.942 0 0 0-.665 2.477c0 1.71.87 3.214 2.19 4.1a4.968 4.968 0 0 1-2.23-.616v.06c0 2.39 1.7 4.38 3.952 4.83-.414.115-.85.174-1.297.174-.318 0-.626-.03-.928-.086a4.935 4.935 0 0 0 4.6 3.42 9.893 9.893 0 0 1-6.114 2.107c-.398 0-.79-.023-1.175-.068a13.953 13.953 0 0 0 7.55 2.213c9.056 0 14.01-7.507 14.01-14.013 0-.213-.005-.426-.015-.637.96-.695 1.795-1.56 2.455-2.55z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="the_champ_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12730" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Pinterest" class="the_champ_button_pinterest" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/tag/test-automation/feed/" onclick="event.preventDefault();javascript:void((function(){var e=document.createElement('script');e.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8');e.setAttribute('src','//assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());" title="Pinterest" rel="noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_pinterest" style="background-color:#cc2329;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-2 -2 35 35"><path fill="#484848" d="M16.539 4.5c-6.277 0-9.442 4.5-9.442 8.253 0 2.272.86 4.293 2.705 5.046.303.125.574.005.662-.33.061-.231.205-.816.27-1.06.088-.331.053-.447-.191-.736-.532-.627-.873-1.439-.873-2.591 0-3.338 2.498-6.327 6.505-6.327 3.548 0 5.497 2.168 5.497 5.062 0 3.81-1.686 7.025-4.188 7.025-1.382 0-2.416-1.142-2.085-2.545.397-1.674 1.166-3.48 1.166-4.689 0-1.081-.581-1.983-1.782-1.983-1.413 0-2.548 1.462-2.548 3.419 0 1.247.421 2.091.421 2.091l-1.699 7.199c-.505 2.137-.076 4.755-.039 5.019.021.158.223.196.314.077.13-.17 1.813-2.247 2.384-4.324.162-.587.929-3.631.929-3.631.46.876 1.801 1.646 3.227 1.646 4.247 0 7.128-3.871 7.128-9.053.003-3.918-3.317-7.568-8.361-7.568z"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Reddit" class="the_champ_button_reddit" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12730&title=Test%20Automation" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg the_champ_s__default the_champ_s_reddit" style="background-color:#ff5700;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-3.5 -3.5 39 39"><path d="M28.543 15.774a2.953 2.953 0 0 0-2.951-2.949 2.882 2.882 0 0 0-1.9.713 14.075 14.075 0 0 0-6.85-2.044l1.38-4.349 3.768.884a2.452 2.452 0 1 0 .24-1.176l-4.274-1a.6.6 0 0 0-.709.4l-1.659 5.224a14.314 14.314 0 0 0-7.316 2.029 2.908 2.908 0 0 0-1.872-.681 2.942 2.942 0 0 0-1.618 5.4 5.109 5.109 0 0 0-.062.765c0 4.158 5.037 7.541 11.229 7.541s11.22-3.383 11.22-7.541a5.2 5.2 0 0 0-.053-.706 2.963 2.963 0 0 0 1.427-2.51zm-18.008 1.88a1.753 1.753 0 0 1 1.73-1.74 1.73 1.73 0 0 1 1.709 1.74 1.709 1.709 0 0 1-1.709 1.711 1.733 1.733 0 0 1-1.73-1.711zm9.565 4.968a5.573 5.573 0 0 1-4.081 1.272h-.032a5.576 5.576 0 0 1-4.087-1.272.6.6 0 0 1 .844-.854 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.238.927h.032a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.237-.927.6.6 0 1 1 .844.854zm-.331-3.256a1.726 1.726 0 1 1 1.709-1.712 1.717 1.717 0 0 1-1.712 1.712z" fill="#484848"/></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="the_champ_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Test%20Automation https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automationdojos.com%2F%3Fp%3D12730" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:24px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:24px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="the_champ_svg_stroke the_champ_no_fill" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="the_champ_no_fill the_champ_svg_stroke" stroke="#484848" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#484848"></path></svg></span></a><a class="the_champ_more" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size:24px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12730" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="the_champ_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:3px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="theChampMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.automationdojos.com/?p=12730', 'Test%20Automation', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#484848" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/">HP Borland’s Silk Test for Multi-Channel Testing</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.automationdojos.com">Automation Dojos</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.automationdojos.com/borlands-silk-test-multi-channel-testing/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
