I’m going to explain in this tutorial about the usage of the findElement and findElements method of Selenium Webdriver on the Chrome web browser. The findElement method is used when you want to deal with one HTML element on a website. On the other hand, the findElements method is used when you want to deal with more than one HTML element.

In brief, the findElement method returns a single element, and the findElements method returns an array of elements.

We will choose a dynamic website – “BBC News”, to explain this concept in a real scenario. We will use the findElement method to display the headlines of the webpage and we will use findElements methods to display the menu items.

First, let’s have a look at the web page to analyze the HTML code and select the necessary attributes.

We can see that the news headline text appears within the block-link__overlay-link class. 

The menu items are within anchor tags, which displays as a list inside a div tag. To acquire the menu item text, we need to reference an attribute that points towards all of them. However, the anchor tags are inside the list tags which we can’t address in common.

The div tag has a unique ID that we can use to capture the div. After capturing the div, We will be accessing the UL tag. However, We need to have some techniques to access the <a> tag inside the <ul> list(Example is shown below).

A Sample Program

Now let’s program to demonstrate the above concept using Java language. First, open the Eclipse IDE and create a new class and name it as BBCNews.

Next, we will import the necessary libraries.

import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

Next, we will instantiate the Chrome WebDriver. For this purpose, we need to set the system property which points to the location of Chrome WebDriver. Then we have to instantiate a WebDriver element (from org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver library) to the Chrome web browser

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\Chromedriver\\chromedriver.exe"); 
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

After that, we will assign the URL of the BBC News website to the Chrome WebDriver.

driver.get("https://www.bbc.com/");

Now let’s see how to grab the headline on the webpage using the findElement method. First, we will create a WebElement (from org.openqa.selenium.WebElement library) to store the headline element.

The findElement and findElements methods can return the elements in the following ways:

Obtaining the element using className would be ideal, as the class attribute is available within the anchor tag that holds the headline.

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("block-link__overlay-link"));

Finally, let’s see how to get the menu items using findElements method. We will create a list of WebElements to store all the menu items. You can use the cssSelector or xpath. But, we will use a special technique to combine both findElement & findElements methods.

We will locate the div tag using the findElement method and then, we will grab all the anchor tags which hold the menu items using the findElements method.

List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElement(By.id("orb-nav-links")).findElements(By.tagName("a"));

We can finally print all the elements using a ‘for loop’. When printing the elements we will use the getAttribute(“innerHTML”) so that it prints the text inside the HTML tag!

You can see the entire program as below :

package myPackage;
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; 
public class BBCNews {
public static void main(String[] args) { 
    	System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe"); 
   	WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(); 
   	driver.get("https://www.bbc.com/");
   	WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("block-link__overlay-link"));
	System.out.println("Headline: " + element.getText());
   	List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElement(By.id("orb-nav-links")).findElements(By.tagName("a"));	
	for (int i=0; i<elements.size();i++){
		System.out.println(elements.get(i).getAttribute("innerHTML"));
	}    	     
	}
}

Conclusion

We hope this article helps to understand how both findElement & findElements methods work in different ways. We hope you apply the same concepts to other webpages and come up with new ideas to automate with Selenium WebDriver.

The post Finding Web Elements with Selenium appeared first on Automation Dojos.

Table of Contents

• 1. Selenium WebElements
• 2. WebElement Locators
• 3. Working With Text Box
• 4. Working With Buttons
• 5. Checkboxes and Radio Buttons
• 6. Selecting from Drop-Downs
• 7. File Uploads
• 8. Locating Links
• 9. Summary

In our previous tutorial, Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver, we discussed the way to set up the environment for automating testing using Selenium and wrote a basic script to do a simple test. In this tutorial, we will discuss other functionalities of the Selenium Web Driver in depth with examples.

1. Selenium WebElements

Web Element is a class in Web Driver to handle different  HTML elements of a web page. It can locate and perform different functionalities upon them. Following are the two methods, commonly used to obtain AUT elements directly and to store them as WebElement objects.

In order to create objects of WebElement, we need to import the package Selenium.WebElement

2. WebElement Locators

Locating different web elements are extremely crucial in testing web pages since the chance of ending up with incorrect elements is higher. Therefore, Selenium WebElement has introduced several different ”Locators” to locate web elements using their unique properties precisely. They can be easily identified using the Selenium IDE or Browser’s Developer Tool. Below is a list of Locators and their syntaxes.

Once the elements are located, different functionalities can be performed on them. In this tutorial, we will be using a sample web form to explain how Selenium WebElements can be used to test its various form elements.

3. Working With Text Box

Initially, we need to create WebElements for the ‘Firstname’ and ‘Lastname’ fields.

Once the element objects are made, the first thing to do is to clear the text, which is already in the text field. This is done by the clear() method.

Finally, we can enter the relevant text using the sendKeys() method by sending the text value as the parameter.

4. Working With Buttons

Buttons are usually accessed through the click() method. In the case of Submit buttons, the submit() method will be used to submit all the inputs to the server.

In this case, the className is used as the locator to find the button.

5. Checkboxes and Radio Buttons

Toggling checkboxes on or off and selecting radio buttons are done using the click() method.

The checkbox element is located using its XPath. This code checks if the checkbox is selected or not and then prints a message.

In the case of Radio Buttons, it is located using cssSelector.

6. Selecting from Drop-Downs

Before selecting values from a drop-down, we need to import a package.

Once that is done, we can declare the drop-down as a Select object.

Now we can control the drop-down by selecting its values using different methods defined in the Select class.

We can repeat the above code with different parameters when selecting multiple items.

7. File Uploads

There are a couple of solutions available for implementing ‘File Upload’ functionality within your selenium scripts. However, not all solutions may work on all applications because at times it may depend on typical ‘design or kind of implementation’ your application or website uses at the backend and/or client end.

However here is one such, simple implementation for File uploading. In the below snippet ‘File Uploading’ is simply done by locating the file-select input field and by entering the path of the file to be uploaded using the sendKeys() method.

8. Locating Links

We can locate links and access them using the linkText() and partialLinkText() locators. In the below example, we will obtain the link with its complete text using linkText() and part of the link text using partialLinkText() locator.

Here is the complete code.

package newPackage;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class myClass {

   public static void main(String[]args) throws InterruptedException{
      System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\\geckodriver\\geckodriver.exe");
      
      WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      
      String baseUrl = "https://www.toolsqa.com/automation-practice-form/";
        String pageTitle="";
      driver.get(baseUrl);
      
      //Clicking a link text using linkText Locator
      driver.findElement(By.linkText("Partial Link Test")).click();
      System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
      Thread.sleep(1000);
      
      //Clicking a link text using partialLinkText Locator
      driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Partial")).click();
      System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
      
      //Capturing the page title
      pageTitle = driver.getTitle();
      
      //Get webElements for First name and Last name text boxes
      //Locator by name
      WebElement firstName= driver.findElement(By.name("firstname"));
      //Locator by Id
      WebElement lastName= driver.findElement(By.id("lastname"));
      
      //Clearing the text fields
      firstName.clear();
      lastName.clear();
      
      //Entering values to the text field
      firstName.sendKeys("John");
      lastName.sendKeys("Doe");
      
      //Get webElements for gender radio buttons using cssSelector
      WebElement radioMale=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#sex-0"));
      //Selecting it using click()method and printing their values.
      radioMale.click();
      System.out.println("Male Selected");
      
      WebElement radioFmale=driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#sex-1"));
      radioFmale.click();
      System.out.println("Female Selected");
      
      //Selecting years of experience radio button
      WebElement yrsExp= driver.findElement(By.id("exp-2"));
      yrsExp.click();
      //Printing the number of experience selected
      System.out.println("Years of Experience = " + yrsExp.getText());
      
      //Entering values in Date text box
      WebElement date= driver.findElement(By.id("datepicker"));
      date.sendKeys("17-12-2019");
      
      //Selecting Profession Check box
      WebElement prof= driver.findElement(By.id("profession-0"));
      prof.click();
      
      //uploading a file
      WebElement uploadElement = driver.findElement(By.id("photo"));
      uploadElement.sendKeys("C:\\profilePic.jpg");
      
      //Creating web element for selecting Automation tool using xpath
      WebElement selQtp= driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\'tool-0']"));
      // Toggling on and off to see if selected
      selQtp.click();	
      
      if (selQtp.isSelected())
         System.out.println("QTP Selected");
      else
         System.out.println("QTP Not Selected");
      //Unchecking
      selQtp.click();	
      
      if (!selQtp.isSelected())
         System.out.println("QTP Not Selected");
      
      //Selecting single continent using drop down
      Select singleContiDrp = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("continents")));
      
      singleContiDrp.deselectByVisibleText("South America");
      
      //Selecting multiple continent using drop down
      Select contiDrp = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("continentsmultiple")));
      
      contiDrp.deselectByVisibleText("Asia");
      contiDrp.deselectByVisibleText("Europe");
      
      //Locating button using className
      WebElement firstBtn= driver.findElement(By.className("btn btn-info"));
      firstBtn.click();
   
      
      Thread.sleep(1000);
      if (pageTitle.contentEquals(driver.getTitle())){
         System.out.println("Test Passed!");

         } else {

         System.out.println("Test Failed");}	 
      driver.close();
      
   }
   
}

9. Summary

The post Working with Selenium WebElements appeared first on Automation Dojos.

Table of Contents

• 1. Selenium and Selenium Web Driver
• 2. Setting-Up the Environment
• 3. Test Script with Selenium Web Driver
  • 3.1) Creating a project
  • 3.2) Creating a Class
• 4. Code a Simple Selenium Script
• 5. Running the test

Testing is a critical step in the Software Development Life Cycle. Software testing helps to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the final product.

Automated Functional testing automates the process of testing and validating each functionality in the software through the execution of pre-defined Automation scripts. This is mainly done for test cases that need to be repeated and are tedious to perform manually.

1. Selenium and Selenium Web Driver?

Selenium is a collection of specialized tools for automating the testing process of web-based applications. This free and open-source tool can be used across different browsers and platforms.

Selenium Web driver is a browser automated framework and accepts written scripts and controls browsers directly. Furthermore, it supports test scripts written in several different languages such as Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python, and C#.

2. Setting-Up the Environment

The following prerequisites must be satisfied to create and run automated test scripts using Selenium.

3. Test Script with Selenium Web Driver

3.1) Creating a project

1. Launch Eclipse from the Start Menu or by double-clicking “eclipse.exe” in the folder “eclipse” where it was installed.
2. To create a new Project, go to File > New and select

3. Now name the project. I’ll be using “FirstWebDriverProject‘.

4. Then click “Finish”. The project will be created and displayed in the Package Explorer.

5. Right-click the project and select New >Package

6. Name the package “newPackage” and click Finish.

3.2) Creating a Class

1. Right-click on the package and select New > Class.

2. Give the name ‘myClass’ and click Finish.

4. Code a Simple Selenium Script

We will now use the new Class to write a script in Selenium Web Driver using Firefox. It will fetch the site https://www.airbnb.com/, verify the title, print out the result and close the browser.

package newPackage;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class myClass {

   public static void main(String[]args) throws InterruptedException{
      System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\\geckodriver\\geckodriver.exe");
      
      WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
      
      String baseUrl = "https://www.airbnb.com/";
        String expectedTitle = "Vacation Rentals, Homes, Experiences & Places - Airbnb";
        String actualTitle="";
      driver.get(baseUrl);
      actualTitle = driver.getTitle();
      if (actualTitle.contentEquals(expectedTitle)){
         System.out.println("Test Passed!");

         } else {

         System.out.println("Test Failed");}	 
      driver.close();
      System.exit(0);
   }
   
}

Let’s analyse and understand this code in bit detail:

if (actualTitle.contentEquals(expectedTitle)) {

System.out.println("Test Passed!");

} else {

System.out.println("Test Failed");}

5. Running the test

To run the test script, click Run > Run in the Eclipse menu. Alternatively, you can press Ctrl + F11.

Once everything is done Eclipse will print out the result in its console.

This is just a simple example. There is a lot more that can be done with Selenium. Use this example as the beginning of your Selenium journey!

The post Getting Started with Selenium WebDriver appeared first on Automation Dojos.

1. Introduction

As a developer, you may have tested the functionality of your code hundreds of times during development. This is known as functional testing. Despite how familiar you are with your product, users will approach it differently and have many different use cases. That’s why you need Non-Functional Testing (NFT).

Performance, Security, Usability, and Reliability are just some of the many NF aspects that can be tested to ensure a better user experience. Apache JMeter is one of the best ‘Open Source and Free Tool’ that you can use for NFT. It can be used to perform Load Testing, Performance Testing, Scalability Testing, and more.

2. Watch Installation Video

3. Download and Install

Now you have a basic idea of JMeter and its components. Let’s try a real-world example for a better understanding. Simply follow these steps to test youtube.com as our website.

4. Creating a Test Plan

Let’s start by creating a New Test Plan for our test.

1. Start JMeter
2. Go to File > New and add a Test Plan and give it a name.

5. Adding a Thread Group

This section details setting up a certain number of Threads that will be used for our test. You can do so by following these steps:

1. Right-click on the newly created Test Plan which will be displayed in the Test Plan Pane.
2. Click Add > Threads (Users) > click Thread Group

Then you have to add the thread properties by clicking your thread group. You can add the Thread name and thread properties that are suitable for your test. I added data as follows:

Based on my values:

1. Number of Threads: 100 users being connected to our Server application will be simulated.
2. Ramp-up Period: The 100 threads will be generated within a period of 10 seconds.
3. Loop Count: The test will be looped (repeated) 10 times.

Also, you can define thread time and thread start delay if needed. I have not used those features in order to keep this tutorial simple.

6. Adding JMeter Elements

Elements are individual tests that will be executed as part of our Test Plan.

HTTP requests can be added by right-clicking the newly created Thread Group and selecting Add > Config Element > HTTP Request Defaults.

In the HTTP Request Defaults add your website name under Basic > WebServer > Server Name or IP:

7. Making HTTP Requests

You can add an HTTP Request by right-clicking on Thread Group and selecting Add > Sampler > HTTP Request.

JMeter HTTP Request Sampler lets the user send HTTP/HTTPS requests to the webserver that we need to access. If we need to access the trending section on YouTube we can simply add /feed/trending in the path section.

I have not added the path here so that our tests are executed on Youtube.com servers.

8. Graph Result Implementation

To add graphically viewable results just Right-click the newly created Test Plan, select Add > Listener > Graph Results.

9. Run and Get the Results

Firstly, save your work. Now run your tests and obtain the results by clicking the “Run” button on the Menu Bar. The real-time results will be displayed on Graph Results.

The above results show the results for our tests on youtube.com:

Throughput and Deviation are the most important parameters that we can use to analyze our results. If the throughput is high, we can generally assume that the server has performed well, though this is not always the case. On the other hand, if the Deviation is low, we can assume our web application has performed well.

The above graph results show high throughput and low deviation. These results are very good and they are no surprise considering that YouTube is a popular service. It has been highly optimized in terms of both server performance and web application performance.

I recommend that you try JMeter to analyze your web application because of its simple GUI, free open-source nature, support for a variety of server types, and platform-independent nature. It will make your testing process much smoother and more convenient.

The post Getting Started with Apache JMeter appeared first on Automation Dojos.

Having gone through the Introductory part, it is time to look at some crucial fundamentals and concepts. This article is to refresh some of the key facts and features of VBScript. In the least, you should consider the following six points for developing a fundamental understanding of VBScript.

Though we will cover these concepts in depth along with examples in the subsequent tutorials, but for now these brief points are enough for you to understand ‘what you can or should do with VBScript’. So without further ado, let’s jump on to these concepts.

The post VBS Part 2 – Fundamentals and Concepts appeared first on Automation Dojos.

At the upfront, this theoretical article might look boring to most of us but still, it is advisable to know about our scripting friend before we start interacting and dealing with it. This is to provide a brief background of VBS, its purpose, origin etc., and if we don’t let go our patience it does turn out to be interesting! In this article, we would briefly discuss about – ‘Windows Script’, ‘Microsoft Visual Basic Family’, ‘VBScript’ background, history and versions.

To start with, the commonly referred to as ‘VB Script’ was developed by Microsoft and hence officially known as the ‘Microsoft’s Visual Basic Scripting Edition‘. It is one of the important members of the ‘Windows Script Technology’ which consists of a total of two members.

Windows Script Technology

The ‘Windows Script‘ is the technology which is the backbone of scripting on Windows platform. It has been manifested as two ‘Script Engines’. Although it is not recommended because of the resulting complexity but these two scripting languages can be included in parallel within a single project and should work perfectly fine!

Under this ‘Windows Script‘ banner, Microsoft provides an array of supporting features and technologies which includes tools like – debuggers, script encoders besides the COM libraries and object models like – Runtime Library (scrrun.dll), WSH, WMI, ADSI, DOM and many more.

We will discuss more about ‘VBScript’ in this article as well as in subsequent posts, but for ‘JScript’ we will put an end by saying that it is  Microsoft’s implementation of ‘ECMA Scripting Standards and Specification‘. For reference the Netscape’s ‘JavaScript’ as well is an implementation of the same ECMA specification and hence there is a common misconception that both JScript and JavaScript are same but officially it might be wrong to say that.

The Microsoft VB Family

The ‘VBScript’ belongs to the Microsoft VB family, more precisely it is a subset of the ‘Microsoft’s Visual Basic Language‘, this is quite obvious when we look at the similarties in the syntax of the both. The VB family comprises of three members –

Unlike the rest of the two members, the VBScript is typically a ‘scripting language‘ hence it inherits all the features and constraints of a ‘scripting language’. Since the VB and VBA are not in-scope of this article hence rather than ‘muddying the water’, we would restrict ourselves to VBScript.  As with any scripting language VBScript is –

Besides the above, it is a ‘Loosely Typed Language‘ which means it uses a ‘universal data‘ type (variant) and does not constraints the programmer to specify data types for variables while scripting. You can find more details and explanation on the above in related sections.

Latest and Significant Versions

Over the years because of Microsoft’s commitment to VBScript, there have been considerable releases of VBScript each of them adding more or less to it’s feature set. You can find detailed information about VBscript versions on this page on MSDN.

The post VBS Part 1 – Introduction and Background appeared first on Automation Dojos.